A pandemic is the worldwide spread of a new disease that affects a large number of people across different countries or continents. It is a global outbreak that may result in severe illness, widespread death, and social disruption. Pandemics can occur when a new virus strain emerges and is easily transmitted between humans, causing a rapid and significant increase in cases. Examples of pandemics include the Spanish flu of 1918, the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.